PASCO HERNANDO COMMUNITY COLLEGE
WESTERN CIVILIZATION (EUH 1000) CLASS NOTES
. Instructor: Dave Tamm / Term: Spring 2008 .
THE ARTS AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF HISTORY
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Absolutism and Enlightenment 1648-1776 |
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The Age of Revolution 1776-1815 |
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The Early 19th Century: Industry 1815-1848 |
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The Later 19th Century: Nat./Imp. 1848-1914 |
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World War I and Versailles 1914-1918 |
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The Interwar Period 1918-1939 |
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World War II 1939-1945 |
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The Post-War World 1945-1991 |
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The Reformation 1517-1648 |
Reflections on Modern Times 1991-2008 |
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Exploration and Science 1492-1700 |
The Future 2008-2100 |
Or, See the Schedule in More Detail, Back to the Main Page, Sources
TOPIC I: WHAT IS THE WEST?
traditional and modern answers
I. OUTLINE |
II. BOOKS / WEBSITES |
TOPIC II: PREHISTORY
the West before the invention of writing and civilization
Beginnings to 3000 BC
I. OUTLINE |
II. LITERATURE |
III. MUSIC |
IV. ART |
V. ARCHITECTURE |
VI. THOUGHT |
IV. PERSONS |
VII. MOVIES |
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Anno Domini (A.D.) |
Year of the Lord |
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Consciousness |
unique attribute of the human cerebrum |
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Cerebrum |
consciouness, analysis, intuition |
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Cerebellum |
mammal brain, primitive emotion, child care |
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Medulla |
reptile brain, basic functions, aggressiveness |
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Creationism |
Biblical story of creation (genesis) |
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Evolution |
Darwin's scientific story of creation based on natural selection |
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Natural Selection |
engine of evolution: survival of the fittest through mutation |
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Paleozoic Era |
old life |
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Mesozoic Era |
middle life |
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Cenozoic Era |
recent life |
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Australopithecines |
ape man- earliest hominid ancestor of human beings |
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Homo Habilis |
tool man- made implements to control nature, discovered fire |
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Homo Erectus |
upright man-stood on two legs all the time |
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Homo Sapiens |
wise man- modern human beings, large brain |
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Neanderthal |
larger, hairy hominid cousins to homo sapiens, no extinct |
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Paleolithic Era |
old stone age |
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Neolithic Era |
new stone age, agricultural revolution |
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TOPIC II: FIRST CIVILIZATIONS (3500-1500 BC)
Ancient Mesoptamia and Ancient Egypt
I. OUTLINE |
II. LITERATURE |
III. MUSIC |
IV. ART |
V. ARCHITECTURE |
VI. THOUGHT |
V. PERSONS |
VII. MOVIES |
JERICHO worlds oldest city, Levant, c. 10,000 BC CATAL HUYUK another old city, Anatolia NOMADS people who are not settled, they move around after food CIVILIZATION complex patterns of living, promotion of life MESOPOTAMIA land between two rivers: modern Iraq and environs TIGRIS AND EUPHRATES RIVERS anchors of Mesopotamia, cradle of civilization CITY-STATE early form of organization in Sumer, each city is its own country TELL mound in the oldest world, layers of civilizations ZIGGURAT Sumerian temple and city center HIERARCHY class structure in society, usually pyramid shaped POLYTHEISM belief and worship of many gods CUNEIFORM Sumerian wedge shaped writing, 1st kind of writing ENLIL Sumerian god of the air ENKI Sumerian high god ROSETTA STONE key to hieroglyphics, written in 3 languages NILE RIVER great river valley containing Egyptian civ. HIEROGLYPHICS Egyptian picture writing MUMMIFICATION Process of embalming and preserving important people after death OLD KINGDOM age of pyramid building, epressiveness MIDDLE KINGDOM age of introspectiveness and underground tombs NEW KINGDOM Egyptian empire arising after ousting of Hyskos PHARAOH the king of Egypt, also considered a god GREAT SPHINX old kingdom monument of Khafre, 1/2 lion / human GREAT PYRAMIDS OF GIZA three gigantic monument tombs to early pharohs VALLEY OF THE KINGS middle/new kingdom tomb area of upper Egypt MA'AT the Balance of Life of Ancient Egypt RA Egyptian sun and creator god OSIRIS a god, pharaoh in afterlife, preserver of stability (mašat) ISIS goddess, wife of osiris HORUS a god, pharaoh while on earth, preserver of stability JUDGEMENT OF THE DEAD the practice of telling the gods what you were like |
TOPIC III: THE AGE OF EMPIRES (1500-500 BC)
A thousand years of conflict and order in the Biblical Near East
I. OUTLINE |
II. LITERATURE |
III. MUSIC |
IV. ART |
V. ARCHITECTURE |
VI. THOUGHT |
VII. PERSONS |
VIII. MOVIES |
EMPIRE A political entity that seeks to expand AKKADIAN EMPIRE first unifiers of Mesopotamia under Sargon BABYLONIAN EMPIRE second empire of Mesopotamia, law giving HITTITE EMPIRE empire of Anatolia, bringers of chariots and bows NEW KINGDOM OF EGYPT empire of the later pharaohs, expansionist policy ASSYRIAN EMPIRE ruthless later empire of mesopotamia NEO-BABYLONIAN EMPIRE brief but splendorous hold over mesopotamia PERSIAN EMPIRE conquerors of Babylon, big empire, fought greeks ROYAL ROAD built by Persian Empire from modern Turkey to Iran for taxation CITADEL military fortification CODE OF HAMMURABI law code given in Babylon NINEVEH ornamental capital of Assyria CHARIOT weapon of war COMPOSITE BOW weapon of war WINGED BULLS decorations of Assyrian art THE TOWER OF BABEL the ziggurat of Babylon, famoud from the Biblical account HANGING GARDENS wonderful gardens, dedicated to Neb. love BIBLICAL CREATION story of genesis in the old testament GARDEN OF EDEN part of genesis, garden of adam and eve, fall of man GREAT FLOOD part of genesis, noah was spared, world wad not EXODUS biblical departure from Israel to promised land TEN COMMANDMENTS tablets given to Moses on Mt. Sinai TEMPLE OF SOLOMON temple built in Jerusalem for the Ark ARK OF THE COVANENT casket of gold containing 10 Commandments, AWOL BABYLONIAN CAPTIVITY 40 years of Israeli internment in Babylon PHOENICIANS seafaring peoples from Levant, brought alphabet ALPHABET consonants and vowels that have same sounds ARAMEANS landed nomadic merchant tribe, language adopted LYDIANS rich kingdom in Anatolia based at Sardis COINS of SILVER AND GOLD first minted by the Lydians |
TOPIC IV: CLASSICAL GREECE (600-300 BC)
The Heroic, Dark, Archaic, Golden and Hellenistic Ages of Greece
II. LITERATURE |
III. MUSIC |
IV. ART |
V. ARCHITECTURE |
VI. THOUGHT |
VII. PERSONS |
VII. MOVIES |
MINOANS 1st European civilization, Greek seafaring culture of merchants MYCENAEANS 1st Greek culture, on land, really a series of fortresses TROY legendary city of Ionia, location of Trojan War btw/ Myc. and Troy PHOENICIANS seafaring peoples from Levant, brought alphabet ALPHABET consonants and vowels that have same sounds ARAMEANS landed nomadic merchant tribe, language adopted LYDIANS rich kingdom in Anatolia based at Sardis COINS of SILVER AND GOLD first minted by the Lydians THE TROJAN WAR historical event, later mythologized by Homer into the Illiad THE ODYSSEY famous myth of the heroic age, adventures at sea THESEUS AND THE MINOTAUR slaying of the wretched beast by the hero, Aegean Sea gets its name JASON AND THE ARGONAUTS search for the golden fleece to black sea THE GREEK PANTHEON basics about the gods, heroes and monsters POLIS a greek city state (including in the sense of 'commTOPICy') ATHENS pioneer city state of democracy and innovation, capital of Greece SPARTA military city state of Greece, fought with then against Athens ACROPOLIS the high center of a Greek city-state, oldest part, best defense PARTHENON The famed building at the center of Athens on the Acropolis MONARCHY-1 government where one person 'mon-o' rules the city well ARISTOCRACY-2 government where nobles rule the city and work for the good of all REPUBLIC -3 government where representatives make decisions on behalf of the people DEMOCRACY -4 government where the people vote for the course of action in the city OLIGARCHY -5 government where nobles rule the city and work for the good of themselves DICTATORSHIP -6 government when a dictator or 'tyrant' rules over all and is selfish ABSOLUTE VALUES Socrates' idea that there is a real right and wrong, always, absolutely PLATONIC FORMS Platos idea that there is a perfect form for all things, and the best approach it PLATONIC CAVE Platos metaphor telling us that everyone has their own reality, you must see through it GOLDEN MEAN Aristotles model for showing us the best action to take in any circumstance THE GOOD Socrates' idea that there is a good and a bad just as there is a right and wrong MARATHON Famous battle in which Athens held off the 1st invasion of the Persian Empire THERMOPOLYAE PASS Famous battle in which Spartas 300 held back the Persians in the north SALAMIS Famous naval encounter in which the Greek navy defeated the Persians DRAMA Artistic form of theatre coming as a Tragedy or as a Comedy POETRY coming as an Epic (Homer) or as Lyrical (Sappho), using rhymes to express SCIENCE AND MEDICINE trying to understand the world physically, without referring to the gods COSMOS concept that is the opposite of chaos, basically that the universe is knowable HISTORY 'His-Story,' first written and studied by the Hebrews (Bible) and Greeks (Herodotus) SEIGE OF ATHENS Main battle of the Peloponnesian War, Sparta destroys the great city and decline begins HELLENISTIC After the conquest of Alexander, Hellenistic is the spreading of 'Hellenism' everywhere Frescoes of Minos at Knossos 1400s BC The Trojan Horse 1200s BC Death Mask of Agamemnon 1100s BC Vase: Chigi (hoplite warriors) 600s BC Vase: Achilles kills Penthesileia 500s BC Vase: Francois (siege of Troy with return by boat) 500s BC Sculpture: Kouros and Koros 500s BC Sculpture: Discus Thrower (Myron) 400s BC Sculpture: Zeus of Cape Artemision 400s BC Sculpture: Hermes of Olympia (Praxiteles) 300s BC Sculpture: Apollo of Belvedere 300s BC Sculpture: Venus de Milo 300s BC Amulet: The Farnese Tazza 100s BC Sculpture: Laocoon and his Sons 100s BC Sculpture: The Nike of Samothrace 100s BC IV. The Minoan Palace at Knossos 1400s BC (rebuilt later) The Citadel at Mycenae 1300s BC The City of Troy 1200s BC The Temple of Apollo at Corinth 600s BC The Theatre of Dionysus at Athens 400s BC The Temple of Poseidon at Cape Sounion 400s BC The Parthenon at Athens 400s BC The Agora of Athens 400s BC The Temple and Statue of Zeus at Olympia 400s BC The Sacred Way and Temple of Apollo at Delphi 400s BC The Theatre at Epidaurus 300s BC The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus 300s BC The Colossus of Rhodes 200s BC The Pharos Lighthouse at Alexandria 200s BC
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TOPIC V: CLASSICAL ROME (300 BC- 500 AD)
The Founding, Republic, Empire and Empire's Fall
II. LITERATURE |
III. MUSIC |
IV. ART |
V. ARCHITECTURE |
VI. THOUGHT |
VII. PERSONS |
VII. MOVIES |
PATERFAMILIAS family father, Roman family structure LATIN the language of the Romans LATIN ALPHABET our letters in the shapes they are in- romans adapted greek letters to their language LEGION/COHORT/MANIPLE roman army terms PATRICIAN an upper class roman with strong ties to family and the republic, landowners PLEBIAN a regular roman with a regular job and life, sometimes threatened revolt from oppression THE ROMAN PANTHEON Roman gods were just like Greek- in fact, the exact same, with different, Roman, names CONSUL / SENATE SYSTEM the governing body of the city and the republic, 2 consuls, 100 senators, elected SENATOR elected official, there were 100 of these to operate the great Republic PRAETOR judges. they are called on when lawsuits come around QUAESTOR a government accountant who handles money and keeps public records in order CENSOR officials who keep lists of the people for tax and military purposes, supervisors of conduct TRIBUNE a representative of the plebians, could use 'veto' (I forbid) against a judge who was unfair CLASS WARFARE conflict inside a society which pits one class of people against another THE 12 TABLES Roman law code of 450 BC, engraved on 12 bronze tablets, calls for respect of the law CARTHAGE A powerful Phoenician city in north Africa, competed against Rome for rule of the sea PUNIC WARS The three conflicts between Rome and Carthage that decided who would rule the seas TRIUMVERATE '3-man group' in Rome, it was Caesar, Pompey and Crassus- they shared power for a while GLADIATOR usually a slave or prisoner, made to fight to the death in front of an audience for sport BREAD AND CIRCUSES idea that Roman people could be distracted with food and sports, not thinking about politics THE IDES OF MARCH Julius Caesar was killed during these 'mid days' of march, by his friends from the Senate THE PAX ROMANA The Roman Peace. From Augustus to Marcus Aurelius (0180), the Golden Age of the Empire MASADA Famous battle in Judea in 0070 AD when the Jews were kicked out of Israel for 1,900 years Statue of Pompei the Great The statue of Augustus at Rome 100s Gemma Augusta 100s Portrait of a Roman Statue of Marcus Aurelius on Horse, Rome 100s The Baker and his Wifeof Pompeii Mosaics of Pompeii Eutruscan Temple The Pont du Gard at Nimes The Pantheon at Rome Hadrians Wall, Northern England 100s Hadrians Villa outside Rome 100s The Amphitheater at El Djem 200s BC The Circus Maximus at Rome The Forum of Rome The Arch of Marcus Aurelius 100s Arch of Titus, Rome 100s The Arch of Septimus Severus at Rome 200s The Appian Way of Italy 100s The Column of Trajan at Rome 100s The Colosseum at Rome 1st Century The Baths of Caracalla 200s Diocletians Palace at Split 300s Arch of Constantine, Rome 300s The Catacombs of Rome 100s The Church of the Nativity, Bethlehem 300s The Church of the Crucifixion, Jerusalem 300s The Church of Echmiadzin, Armenia 300s The Basilica of Constantine, Rome 300s The Basilica of St. John Lateran, Rome 300s The Basilica of St. Peter, Rome 300s The Basilica of San Lorenzo, Milano 300s The Basilica of Santa Constantia, Rome 300s The Church of San Clemente, Rome 300s The Church of Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome 400s The Church of Holy Wisdom, Constantinople 500s The Church of San Vitale, Ravenna 500s The Baptistry of Poitiers 600s |
TOPIC VI: LATE ANTIQUITY / THE EAST
Growth of the Church, Islam, Byzantium and the transformation of the West into Christendom (320-800)
II. LITERATURE |
III. MUSIC |
IV. ART |
V. ARCHITECTURE |
VI. THOUGHT |
VII. PERSONS |
VII. MOVIES |
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TOPIC VII: MEDIEVAL TIMES
Europe in the 6-14th Centuries
II. LITERATURE |
III. MUSIC |
IV. ART |
V. ARCHITECTURE |
VI. THOUGHT |
IV. PERSONS |
VII. MOVIES |
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TOPIC VIII: THE EUROPEAN RENAISSNACE
Europe in the 14-16th Centuries
I. 1 |
II. LITERATURE |
III. MUSIC |
IV. ART |
V. ARCHITECTURE |
VI. THOUGHT |
IV. PERSONS |
VII. MOVIES |
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